케찹의 트렌드 캐치업✌ 요즘 틱톡에서는 ‘워드 챌린지’(Word Challenge)가 다시 뜨고 있어요! 워드 챌린지는 두 사람이 함께 도전하는 게임인데요. 동시에 각자 알파벳 하나씩을 랜덤으로 외쳐 줍니다. 보통 한 명은 시작 알파벳, 다른 한 명은 끝 알파벳을 담당해요. 이렇게 나온 알파벳을 단어의 처음과 끝에 넣어서, 하나의 단어를 더 빨리 완성하는 사람이 이기는 게임입니다. 우리나라식으로 예를 들면 두 사람이 각각 ‘카’랑 ‘온’을 외쳤을 때, ‘카’멜레‘온’처럼 카로 시작하고 온으로 끝나는 단어를 먼저 말한 사람이 승리! 결론: 나랑 이 게임 도전할 @구함 Instagram에서 이 게시물 보기 이슈＆트렌드 | 케찹(@ccatch_upp)님의 공유 게시물

Can a genetic test tell whether my child who seems to be talented in sports will be able to succeed as a professional? When is the best time to select the right sport? If the child puts in efforts of more than 1 million hours, will he/she have the ability that no one can possibly think of challenging? There might be a quite large number of parents with such questions. David Epstein, the American sports-science journalist who published ‘The Sports Gene’ in 2013 advised through the e-mail interview that ‘There is no such test like that at the moment. It is actually best to experience diverse kinds of sports in one’s adolescence and choose a certain sport when one comes of age, being able to check one‘s degree of achievement and concentrate fully on the choosen sport’. Apart from certain sports such as golf and gymnastics, too much of either early or immersion education is not recommendable in sports. Following are the Q&As. ?First, I have to confess that I was personally touched by the well-done research and committed interviews. I guess that the time for writing took much longer than you had expected. Also, what were the reasons that you decided to write this book and how much are you satisfied with the outcome? -The research time for the book did indeed take longer than I expected. The topic was so complex, and there was, unfortunately, a lot of poorly done science I had to sift through to find the best work. (I was lucky I had a science background that helped with that.) For the first year, I did not write a word, I only tried to read 10 scientific papers a day, every day. As far as why I decided to write the book, it really came out of my own experience as an athlete, and as a sports spectator. I grew up in an area outside of Chicago where I ran on high school track teams with a lof of Jamaican immigrants. We had so many amazing sprinters, and when I realized Jamaica was an island of 2.5 million people, I wondered what could possibly be going on there to make so many fast sprinters?! And then in college, I moved up to run longer distance, and now I was running against Kenyan athletes, and learning that they weren’t just Kenyan, they were all from one small minority tribe, the Kalenjin. So, again, I’m wondering: What in the world is going on over there? Those questions combined with things I would see on television, like a women’s softball pitcher striking out the best Major League hitters. As soon as I saw that, I made an estimate calculation of the speed of her pitch and the closer distance of the mound to see if there was less time to swing, and there wasn’t, so I wondered why the men couldn’t hit it. So I just kept keeping all these questions in my mind, and when I had the opportunity, I wanted to go as far toward answering them as possible using the best available science. So really it was my own curiosities, and I didn’t know that so many other people would be interested. ?Your book‘s greatest strength may be that the readers can go through your experience as a varsity track-and-field player for 800 meters and also the interviews with Barry Bonds and Jennie Finch. Your theory of knowledge bulk was really intriguing as well. So, what you really wanted to say is that one cannot choose between nature and nurture. Concentrated workouts are important, however, there is no need to put in 1 million hours of work. One can experience diverse kinds of sports while he/she is young and then once he/she comes of age, he/she can choose one specific filed and put in his/her efforts. This is what you offer as an advice for parents who have kids that seem to be talented with sports. Is it right? -That’s right. The science has moved past the question of “nature or nurture,” and on to attempting to figure out what the balance of nature and nurture is in any specific situation. Without both genes and environments, there are no outcomes at all. So the real quest is to understand the interplay of nature and nurture, and how we can best use it. And this is important, because some people asked me after the book came out why scientists even study genetics if we can’t change it. The answer is that we can alter environments so that people get more out of their genetics. That’s why I use that quote toward the end of the book by J.M. Tanner?who was the world’s expert in body growth and development, and was a worldclass athlete: “Everyone has a different genotype. Therefore, for optimal development, everyone should have a different environment.” The more we understand about nature, the more we can help tailor the nurture to help everyone get the best out of themselves. As far as putting in hours of work, you’re exactly right. There is no magic number of hours. When I went through the work about the 10,000-hours rule, I expected to find something amazing I could write about. But what I found was work filled with statistical problems that needed to be addressed, because it’s actually damaging the development of athletes. The actual research shows that the typical route to success in most sports?and in fact many other activities?is to have a “sampling period,” where the learner has exposure to a wide variety of skills early, before then focusing in and specializing. That’s why I added an afterword to the book, and you can see, on pages 416 and 417, I added the charts with the aggregate data that show the development path of elite athletes. They sample sports early, and practice less and in a less technical manner early on than their peers who plateau at lower levels. There are exceptions, of course, and golf may be one because it’s a very unusual endeavor, in which the athlete is not time limited and does not need to predict the actions of others. But the fact is, most performers who go on to become elite do not follow the Tiger Woods path of early specialization. They follow the Roger Federer path; his parents forced him not to focus on tennis too early, and to continue playing badminton, basketball, and soccer before he could specialize. That’s the norm for those who become creative adult athletes. (And, by the way, there is evidence the best musicians do this as well.) Still, even looking at the data, people often don’t believe me. They send me messages: “Ok, maybe in some American sport that’s true, but never in soccer!” Well, luckily for me, shortly after the German national team won the World Cup, this study came out showing that they followed this exact pattern as well. The best players spent more time in unstructured activities as kids, and put off full specialization until after their less skilled peers. The study is called “Practice and play in the development of German top-level professional football players.” As an aside, Malcolm Gladwell and I had a public debate about this, and he conceeded that he didn’t expect people to take the 10,000-hours so seriously. You can see it here on YouTube. He and I have become running partners, so we continue to discuss on our own time! ?What was the most difficult part of writing the book? Even though you are an investigative reporter, it would have not been easy to do interviews while traveling since you would have to check the sources and work on the drafts on the plane. -Well, I didn’t have to do too much on planes, because I took a long time to write the book. When I chose my publisher, my priority was not the best financial offer, but the publisher that would make me an equal partner in determining how long I needed in order to write the book. In some ways, I still felt rushed, but I didn’t want to be on the normal timeline of one year or 18 months, because I knew I needed to learn a lot of material. So that was ok. It was a challenge, though, to arrange some of the interviews. In the last chapter of the book, I tracked down a man who was living as a reindeer farmer in the Arctic, and didn’t speak English, and it took me a while even to figure out that he was still alive and I should go visit him! Really, though, there were two aspects that stood out as very difficult: 1) If I wanted to give an honest examination of the top, I had to write about race and gender, and those are very sensitive topics. I got my CV ready just in case I had to find a new job. 2) I learned that some of my own intuition about the world was incorrect. I learned how hard it is, even faced with the data, to change my mind about certain things I believed for a long time and wanted to continue believing. It just took me some time to come to terms with that and write honestly about the data. For example, the chapters about genetic diversity in Africa, and about how physiology influences the willpower to train, were at first hard for me to digest intellectually, because much of the information was contrary to my intuition. But, in the end, that is why we have science, because we can’t rely on our intuition. --------------------- Two-thirds of Koreans have the gene which can pass through the doping(prohibited substances) test? David Epstein’s book ‘The Sports Gene(Translated version p.213)’ contains dangerous content that can instill a false belief on a quite large number of athletes in this nation. Swedish scientist Jenny Jakobsson Schulz, utilizing data from both Sweden and Inha University Hospital in Incheon, found out a scandalising fact. Those who have a pair of the gene mutant ‘UGT2B17’, which has the ability to cheat the most common anti-doping screening test ‘T/E ratio’, were more commonly found in East asia. The team actually mentioned that especially two thirds of Kroeans have this mutant. The T/E ratio test which searches for the ratio of testosterone to another hormone called epitestosterone views the ratio of 1:1 as normal and if the ratio goes above 4:1, than that there is a possiblity of doping. The research team determined that a lot of people have a gene that influences how they excrete testosterone in their urine, and they can dope without the T/E ratio changing, so they will still pass the test. They recommend that for drug testing to be more effective, it would have to be genetically tailored. On the 23rd of the last month, I requested an authority from Korean Anti-Doping Association(KADA) about how much of this is true and how much information do the domestic researchers and the KADA have on this news. Epstein further explained on this by answering “When I too asked anti-doping officials about this work, some of them said, ‘Oh no, it’s fine, that’s not right.’ Or, ‘That’s very rare.’ But it is right, and it’s not rare, so they are in denial.” “The good news, though, is that the T/E ratio test is becoming less important, as technologies like the biological passport are taking over.” He added, “Christiane Ayotte, one of the top anti-doping scientists in the world, was more honest. She told me, ‘This is one reason why I can’t retire until we have a better screening test than the T/E ratio.’. KADA Education-PR deputy answered on the 3rd, ”T/E ratio is just a primary testing method and is not used as a decisive material for the doping judgement. For example, we use secondary test methods such as IRMS, and also a biological informational system with diverse information for making the final conclusion. So, passing the T/E ratio test does not mean that one can avoid the doping test.” Senior reporter Byong Sun Nim bsnim@seoul.co.kr

다음은 저커버그가 딸 맥스에게 보낸 편지 전문이다. A letter to our daughter 　Dear Max, 　Your mother and I don‘t yet have the words to describe the hope you give us for the future. Your new life is full of promise, and we hope you will be happy and healthy so you can explore it fully. You’ve already given us a reason to reflect on the world we hope you live in. 　Like all parents, we want you to grow up in a world better than ours today. 　While headlines often focus on what‘s wrong, in many ways the world is getting better. Health is improving. Poverty is shrinking. Knowledge is growing. People are connecting. Technological progress in every field means your life should be dramatically better than ours today. 　We will do our part to make this happen, not only because we love you, but also because we have a moral responsibility to all children in the next generation. 　We believe all lives have equal value, and that includes the many more people who will live in future generations than live today. Our society has an obligation to invest now to improve the lives of all those coming into this world, not just those already here. 　But right now, we don’t always collectively direct our resources at the biggest opportunities and problems your generation will face. 　Consider disease. Today we spend about 50 times more as a society treating people who are sick than we invest in research so you won‘t get sick in the first place. 　Medicine has only been a real science for less than 100 years, and we’ve already seen complete cures for some diseases and good progress for others. As technology accelerates, we have a real shot at preventing, curing or managing all or most of the rest in the next 100 years. 　Today, most people die from five things -- heart disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases -- and we can make faster progress on these and other problems. 　Once we recognize that your generation and your children‘s generation may not have to suffer from disease, we collectively have a responsibility to tilt our investments a bit more towards the future to make this reality. Your mother and I want to do our part. 　Curing disease will take time. Over short periods of five or ten years, it may not seem like we’re making much of a difference. But over the long term, seeds planted now will grow, and one day, you or your children will see what we can only imagine: a world without suffering from disease. 　There are so many opportunities just like this. If society focuses more of its energy on these great challenges, we will leave your generation a much better world. • • • 　Our hopes for your generation focus on two ideas: advancing human potential and promoting equality. 　Advancing human potential is about pushing the boundaries on how great a human life can be. 　Can you learn and experience 100 times more than we do today? 　Can our generation cure disease so you live much longer and healthier lives? 　Can we connect the world so you have access to every idea, person and opportunity? 　Can we harness more clean energy so you can invent things we can‘t conceive of today while protecting the environment? 　Can we cultivate entrepreneurship so you can build any business and solve any challenge to grow peace and prosperity? 　Promoting equality is about making sure everyone has access to these opportunities -- regardless of the nation, families or circumstances they are born into. 　Our society must do this not only for justice or charity, but for the greatness of human progress. 　Today we are robbed of the potential so many have to offer. The only way to achieve our full potential is to channel the talents, ideas and contributions of every person in the world. 　Can our generation eliminate poverty and hunger? 　Can we provide everyone with basic healthcare? 　Can we build inclusive and welcoming communities? 　Can we nurture peaceful and understanding relationships between people of all nations? 　Can we truly empower everyone -- women, children, underrepresented minorities, immigrants and the unconnected? 　If our generation makes the right investments, the answer to each of these questions can be yes -- and hopefully within your lifetime. 　• • • 　This mission -- advancing human potential and promoting equality -- will require a new approach for all working towards these goals. 　We must make long term investments over 25, 50 or even 100 years. The greatest challenges require very long time horizons and cannot be solved by short term thinking. 　We must engage directly with the people we serve. We can’t empower people if we don‘t understand the needs and desires of their communities. 　We must build technology to make change. Many institutions invest money in these challenges, but most progress comes from productivity gains through innovation. 　We must participate in policy and advocacy to shape debates. Many institutions are unwilling to do this, but progress must be supported by movements to be sustainable. 　We must back the strongest and most independent leaders in each field. Partnering with experts is more effective for the mission than trying to lead efforts ourselves. 　We must take risks today to learn lessons for tomorrow. We’re early in our learning and many things we try won‘t work, but we’ll listen and learn and keep improving. 　• • • 　Our experience with personalized learning, internet access, and community education and health has shaped our philosophy. 　Our generation grew up in classrooms where we all learned the same things at the same pace regardless of our interests or needs. 　Your generation will set goals for what you want to become -- like an engineer, health worker, writer or community leader. You‘ll have technology that understands how you learn best and where you need to focus. You’ll advance quickly in subjects that interest you most, and get as much help as you need in your most challenging areas. You‘ll explore topics that aren’t even offered in schools today. Your teachers will also have better tools and data to help you achieve your goals. 　Even better, students around the world will be able to use personalized learning tools over the internet, even if they don‘t live near good schools. Of course it will take more than technology to give everyone a fair start in life, but personalized learning can be one scalable way to give all children a better education and more equal opportunity. 　We’re starting to build this technology now, and the results are already promising. Not only do students perform better on tests, but they gain the skills and confidence to learn anything they want. And this journey is just beginning. The technology and teaching will rapidly improve every year you‘re in school. 　Your mother and I have both taught students and we’ve seen what it takes to make this work. It will take working with the strongest leaders in education to help schools around the world adopt personalized learning. It will take engaging with communities, which is why we‘re starting in our San Francisco Bay Area community. It will take building new technology and trying new ideas. And it will take making mistakes and learning many lessons before achieving these goals. 　But once we understand the world we can create for your generation, we have a responsibility as a society to focus our investments on the future to make this reality. 　Together, we can do this. And when we do, personalized learning will not only help students in good schools, it will help provide more equal opportunity to anyone with an internet connection. 　• • • 　Many of the greatest opportunities for your generation will come from giving everyone access to the internet. 　People often think of the internet as just for entertainment or communication. But for the majority of people in the world, the internet can be a lifeline. 　It provides education if you don’t live near a good school. It provides health information on how to avoid diseases or raise healthy children if you don‘t live near a doctor. It provides financial services if you don’t live near a bank. It provides access to jobs and opportunities if you don‘t live in a good economy. 　The internet is so important that for every 10 people who gain internet access, about one person is lifted out of poverty and about one new job is created. 　Yet still more than half of the world’s population -- more than 4 billion people -- don‘t have access to the internet. 　If our generation connects them, we can lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. We can also help hundreds of millions of children get an education and save millions of lives by helping people avoid disease. 　This is another long term effort that can be advanced by technology and partnership. It will take inventing new technology to make the internet more affordable and bring access to unconnected areas. It will take partnering with governments, non-profits and companies. It will take engaging with communities to understand what they need. Good people will have different views on the best path forward, and we will try many efforts before we succeed. 　But together we can succeed and create a more equal world. 　• • • 　Technology can’t solve problems by itself. Building a better world starts with building strong and healthy communities. 　Children have the best opportunities when they can learn. And they learn best when they‘re healthy. 　Health starts early -- with loving family, good nutrition and a safe, stable environment. 　Children who face traumatic experiences early in life often develop less healthy minds and bodies. Studies show physical changes in brain development leading to lower cognitive ability. 　Your mother is a doctor and educator, and she has seen this firsthand. 　If you have an unhealthy childhood, it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　If you have to wonder whether you‘ll have food or rent, or worry about abuse or crime, then it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　If you fear you‘ll go to prison rather than college because of the color of your skin, or that your family will be deported because of your legal status, or that you may be a victim of violence because of your religion, sexual orientation or gender identity, then it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　We need institutions that understand these issues are all connected. That‘s the philosophy of the new type of school your mother is building. 　By partnering with schools, health centers, parent groups and local governments, and by ensuring all children are well fed and cared for starting young, we can start to treat these inequities as connected. Only then can we collectively start to give everyone an equal opportunity. 　It will take many years to fully develop this model. But it’s another example of how advancing human potential and promoting equality are tightly linked. If we want either, we must first build inclusive and healthy communities. 　• • • 　For your generation to live in a better world, there is so much more our generation can do. 　Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges. I will continue to serve as Facebook‘s CEO for many, many years to come, but these issues are too important to wait until you or we are older to begin this work. By starting at a young age, we hope to see compounding benefits throughout our lives. 　As you begin the next generation of the Chan Zuckerberg family, we also begin the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to join people across the world to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Our initial areas of focus will be personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and building strong communities. 　We will give 99% of our Facebook shares -- currently about $45 billion -- during our lives to advance this mission. We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those already working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others. 　We’ll share more details in the coming months once we settle into our new family rhythm and return from our maternity and paternity leaves. We understand you‘ll have many questions about why and how we’re doing this. 　As we become parents and enter this next chapter of our lives, we want to share our deep appreciation for everyone who makes this possible. 　We can do this work only because we have a strong global community behind us. Building Facebook has created resources to improve the world for the next generation. Every member of the Facebook community is playing a part in this work. 　We can make progress towards these opportunities only by standing on the shoulders of experts -- our mentors, partners and many incredible people whose contributions built these fields. 　And we can only focus on serving this community and this mission because we are surrounded by loving family, supportive friends and amazing colleagues. We hope you will have such deep and inspiring relationships in your life too. 　Max, we love you and feel a great responsibility to leave the world a better place for you and all children. We wish you a life filled with the same love, hope and joy you give us. We can‘t wait to see what you bring to this world. 　Love, 　Mom and Dad